Conditions
Conditions A–Z
Board-certified neurologists, on-site diagnostic testing and four Southern California locations — with care in English, Spanish and more.
Featured condition guides
Headaches & Migraine
Headaches are among the most common neurological complaints.
Learn more →Seizures & Epilepsy
A seizure is a sudden burst of abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Learn more →Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, often caused by diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, injury or other conditions..
Learn more →Memory Loss & Dementia
Dementia describes a decline in memory and thinking severe enough to affect daily life.
Learn more →Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive movement disorder caused by loss of dopamine-producing brain cells..
Learn more →Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease that affects the protective covering of nerves in the brain and spinal cord..
Learn more →Traumatic Brain Injury & Concussion
Traumatic brain injury ranges from mild concussion to severe injury and can follow falls, vehicle collisions or sports..
Learn more →Dizziness & Vertigo
Vertigo is a false sensation of spinning.
Learn more →Conditions A–Z
239 conditions shown
Select a letter or search to see conditions.
A
Absence Seizures
Adults · Children
Brief staring spells with a short loss of awareness.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)
Adults
Benign tumor of the balance nerve that can cause hearing loss and imbalance.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
Adults · Children
Brief, widespread inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, often after an infection.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Acute Flaccid Myelitis
Children
Rare spinal cord condition causing sudden limb weakness, mostly in children.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
Adults · Children
Neurodevelopmental condition affecting attention, activity level and impulse control.
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
Children
Congenital absence of the band of fibers connecting the brain’s hemispheres.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Aicardi Syndrome
Children
Rare genetic disorder with infantile spasms and brain malformations, mainly in girls.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Alexander Disease
Children
Rare genetic leukodystrophy affecting the brain’s white matter.
ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)
Adults
Progressive disease of motor nerve cells causing weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood
Children
Rare disorder with recurrent episodes of paralysis on one or both sides.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Alzheimer’s Disease
Adults
The most common cause of dementia, affecting memory and thinking.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Aneurysm (Brain)
Adults
A weakened, bulging area in a brain artery.
Related tests: Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
Angelman Syndrome
Children
Genetic disorder with developmental delay, seizures and movement differences.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Anoxic Brain Injury
Adults · Children
Brain injury caused by lack of oxygen.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Aphasia
Adults
Difficulty speaking, understanding, reading or writing after brain injury.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Arachnoid Cyst
Adults · Children
Fluid-filled sac on the brain or spinal cord, often found incidentally.
Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Adults · Children
Abnormal tangle of blood vessels in the brain or spine.
Related tests: Transcranial Doppler (TCD), Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Ataxia
Adults · Children
Loss of coordination of movement and balance.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Children
Inherited disorder causing progressive ataxia beginning in early childhood.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Children
Neurodevelopmental condition affecting social communication and behavior.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Autoimmune Encephalitis
Adults · Children
Brain inflammation caused by the immune system.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Autonomic Dysfunction (Dysautonomia)
Adults · Children
Problems with the nerves that control heart rate, blood pressure and digestion.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
B
Back Pain with Nerve Symptoms
Adults
Back pain with leg numbness, tingling or weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Adults · Children
Inherited, slower-progressing form of muscular dystrophy related to Duchenne.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Bell’s Palsy
Adults · Children
Sudden, usually temporary weakness of one side of the face.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Adults
Brief spinning spells triggered by head position changes.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood
Children
Brief vertigo episodes in young children, often linked to migraine.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Blepharospasm
Adults
Involuntary forceful eyelid closure, a focal dystonia.
Brachial Neuritis (Parsonage-Turner)
Adults
Sudden shoulder pain followed by arm weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Brachial Plexus Injury
Adults
Injury to the nerve network supplying the shoulder and arm.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Brain Abscess (follow-up)
Adults · Children
Follow-up of neurological effects after a brain infection.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Brain Tumor (evaluation)
Adults · Children
Neurological evaluation of symptoms that may relate to a brain tumor.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Breath-Holding Spells
Children
Brief episodes in young children of holding breath, sometimes with fainting.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
C
Canavan Disease
Children
Rare inherited leukodystrophy beginning in infancy.
Carotid Artery Disease
Adults
Narrowing of the neck arteries that supply the brain.
Related tests: Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Adults
Compression of the median nerve at the wrist.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Central Sleep Apnea (neurological)
Adults
Breathing pauses in sleep due to brain signaling problems.
Cerebellar Ataxia
Adults · Children
Unsteady movement caused by dysfunction of the cerebellum.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Cerebral Palsy
Adults · Children
Lifelong movement and posture disorders from early brain development.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Cerebral Palsy, Spastic
Children
The most common type of cerebral palsy, with stiff muscles.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Adults · Children
Blood clot in the brain’s venous channels; requires urgent care.
Related tests: Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
Cervical Dystonia (Spasmodic Torticollis)
Adults
Involuntary neck muscle contractions causing the head to turn or tilt.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Adults · Children
Inherited neuropathy causing foot and leg weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy
Adults
Nerve damage that can follow certain cancer treatments.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Chiari Malformation
Adults · Children
Lower brain tissue extending into the spinal canal; may cause headache.
Childhood Absence Epilepsy
Children
Epilepsy syndrome of school-age children with frequent absence seizures.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Chorea
Adults · Children
Irregular, flowing involuntary movements.
Chronic Daily Headache
Adults · Children
Headache on 15 or more days a month.
Chronic Fatigue with Neurological Symptoms
Adults
Persistent fatigue evaluated for neurological causes.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)
Adults
Immune-mediated damage to the covering of peripheral nerves.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (concerns)
Adults
Evaluation of memory and mood changes after repeated head impacts.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Cluster Headache
Adults · Children
Severe one-sided headaches occurring in cycles.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Adults · Children
Chronic limb pain disproportionate to an injury.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Concussion
Adults · Children
Mild traumatic brain injury after a blow or jolt to the head.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes
Children
Inherited disorders of nerve-muscle signaling causing weakness from early life.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Congenital Myopathy
Children
Muscle disorders present from birth causing low tone and weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Disorder)
Adults · Children
Real neurological symptoms caused by problems in how the brain functions rather than structural damage.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Craniosynostosis
Children
Early fusion of skull sutures in infants, changing head shape.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Adults
Rare, rapidly progressive brain disorder causing dementia.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Adults
Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
D
Delirium (neurological evaluation)
Adults
Sudden confusion; a medical emergency needing prompt evaluation.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Dementia
Adults
Decline in memory and thinking that affects daily life.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Dermatomyositis
Adults · Children
Inflammatory muscle disease with a characteristic skin rash.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Developmental Delay
Children
A child not reaching motor, speech or social milestones as expected.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Diabetic Neuropathy
Adults
Nerve damage caused by diabetes, often in the feet.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Diplopia (Double Vision)
Adults · Children
Seeing two images of one object; can have neurological causes.
Dizziness
Adults · Children
Lightheadedness, unsteadiness or a spinning sensation.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Dravet Syndrome
Children
Severe genetic epilepsy beginning in infancy, often with fever-triggered seizures.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Drop Attacks
Adults
Sudden falls without warning, evaluated for neurological causes.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Children
Inherited muscle disease causing progressive weakness, mainly in boys.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Dyslexia & Learning Disorders
Children
Differences in reading or learning; neurological contributors may be evaluated.
Dystonia
Adults · Children
Involuntary muscle contractions causing abnormal postures.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Dystonia, Childhood-Onset
Children
Involuntary muscle contractions starting in childhood.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
E
Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep (ESES)
Children
Childhood epilepsy pattern with near-continuous discharges in sleep.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Encephalitis (follow-up)
Adults · Children
Inflammation of the brain; follow-up of neurological effects.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Encephalopathy
Adults · Children
General brain dysfunction from many possible causes.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Epilepsy
Adults · Children
Tendency to have recurrent, unprovoked seizures.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (Self-Limited)
Children
Common childhood epilepsy with facial seizures during sleep that usually resolves by adolescence.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Erb’s Palsy (Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy)
Children
Arm weakness from a birth-related brachial plexus injury.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Essential Tremor
Adults
Rhythmic shaking, usually of the hands, during action.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
F
Facial Nerve Palsy
Adults · Children
Weakness of facial muscles from facial nerve dysfunction.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Facial Pain
Adults · Children
Pain in the face that may arise from nerve conditions.
Fainting (Syncope)
Adults · Children
Brief loss of consciousness; neurological causes are evaluated.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
Febrile Seizures
Children
Seizures in young children associated with fever.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Fibromyalgia (neurological evaluation)
Adults
Widespread pain; neurological causes may be considered.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Focal Seizures
Adults · Children
Seizures starting in one area of the brain.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Foot Drop
Adults
Difficulty lifting the front of the foot, often nerve-related.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Fragile X Syndrome
Children
Inherited cause of intellectual disability that may include seizures.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Friedreich Ataxia
Adults · Children
Inherited progressive ataxia often beginning in childhood or adolescence.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
Adults · Children
Epilepsy with seizures from the frontal lobe, often during sleep.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Frontotemporal Dementia
Adults
Dementia affecting behavior, personality or language.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
G
Gait Disorders
Adults
Problems with walking from nerve, muscle or brain causes.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS), Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Adults · Children
Seizures with stiffening and jerking of the whole body.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Giant Cell Arteritis (headache)
Adults
Inflammation of arteries causing new headache in older adults; needs urgent care.
Glioma (neurological care)
Adults · Children
Neurological management such as seizures for patients with glioma.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Global Developmental Delay
Children
Delays in two or more developmental areas in young children.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Adults · Children
Rapid-onset immune attack on peripheral nerves.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
H
Head Injury in Children
Children
Evaluation of concussion and head injury in children.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Headache
Adults · Children
Head pain with many possible causes and patterns.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Hearing Loss with Dizziness
Adults
Combined hearing and balance symptoms evaluated for nerve causes.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Hemifacial Spasm
Adults
Involuntary twitching of muscles on one side of the face.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Hemiplegic Migraine
Adults · Children
Rare migraine with temporary one-sided weakness.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Adults · Children
Inherited progressive leg stiffness and weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Herniated Disc (nerve compression)
Adults
Disc material pressing on a nerve root.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Huntington’s Disease
Adults
Inherited disorder affecting movement, thinking and mood.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Hydrocephalus
Children
Buildup of fluid in the brain’s ventricles.
Hydrocephalus (Normal Pressure)
Adults
Fluid buildup that can affect walking, memory and bladder control.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Hyperhidrosis (neurological)
Adults
Excessive sweating with possible nerve causes.
Hypotonia (Floppy Infant)
Children
Low muscle tone in infants with many possible causes.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (Neonatal)
Children
Brain injury in newborns from reduced oxygen or blood flow.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
I
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Adults · Children
Raised pressure around the brain causing headache and vision changes.
Inclusion Body Myositis
Adults
Slowly progressive inflammatory muscle disease in older adults.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome)
Children
Serious infant epilepsy with clusters of brief spasms; needs urgent evaluation.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Insomnia (neurological causes)
Adults · Children
Trouble sleeping linked to neurological conditions.
Intellectual Disability (neurological evaluation)
Children
Neurological evaluation of causes and associated seizures.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Intracranial Hemorrhage (follow-up)
Adults · Children
Follow-up care after bleeding in or around the brain.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
J
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Adults · Children
Adolescent-onset epilepsy with morning jerks and generalized seizures.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
K
Kennedy Disease (Spinal-Bulbar Muscular Atrophy)
Adults
Inherited adult-onset weakness of limb and swallowing muscles in men.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Kleine-Levin Syndrome
Children
Rare disorder with recurring episodes of excessive sleep, mostly in teens.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Krabbe Disease
Children
Rare inherited leukodystrophy usually beginning in infancy.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
L
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
Adults
Autoimmune disorder causing weakness, often of the legs.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome
Children
Rare childhood epilepsy syndrome with loss of language skills.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
Children
Severe childhood epilepsy with multiple seizure types.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Leukodystrophies
Children
Genetic disorders affecting the brain’s white matter.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Lewy Body Dementia
Adults
Dementia with fluctuating attention, visual hallucinations and parkinsonism.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Lumbar Radiculopathy
Adults
Compressed lower-back nerve root causing leg pain or weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
M
Macrocephaly
Children
Larger-than-expected head size in a child.
Medication-Overuse Headache
Adults · Children
Headaches worsened by frequent use of pain relievers.
Memory Loss
Adults
Forgetfulness beyond what is expected with normal aging.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Meningitis (follow-up)
Adults · Children
Follow-up of neurological effects after meningitis.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Meralgia Paresthetica
Adults
Burning or numbness of the outer thigh from nerve compression.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Children
Inherited disorder affecting white matter and peripheral nerves.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Microcephaly
Children
Smaller-than-expected head size, which can affect development.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Migraine
Adults · Children
Recurrent headaches often with nausea and light sensitivity.
Migraine with Aura
Adults · Children
Migraine preceded by temporary visual or sensory symptoms.
Migraine, Pediatric
Children
Migraine in children, often shorter and on both sides of the head.
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Adults
Noticeable memory or thinking changes that do not yet impair independence.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Mini-Strokes (TIA)
Adults
Temporary stroke-like symptoms; a warning sign that needs urgent care.
Related tests: Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
Mitochondrial Disorders
Adults · Children
Genetic disorders of cell energy that can affect brain, nerves and muscles.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Mononeuritis Multiplex
Adults
Damage to two or more separate nerves.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Motor Neuron Disease
Adults
Group of disorders affecting nerves that control muscles.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Movement Disorders
Adults · Children
Conditions causing abnormal, excessive or reduced movement.
Moyamoya Disease
Adults · Children
Progressive narrowing of brain arteries that can cause strokes in children and adults.
Related tests: Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
Multiple Sclerosis
Adults · Children
Immune-mediated disease of the brain and spinal cord.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Multiple System Atrophy
Adults
Progressive disorder affecting movement and autonomic functions.
Muscular Dystrophy
Adults · Children
Inherited diseases causing progressive muscle weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Myasthenia Gravis
Adults · Children
Autoimmune disorder causing fatigable muscle weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Myelitis (Transverse Myelitis)
Adults · Children
Inflammation of the spinal cord causing weakness or numbness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Myoclonus
Adults · Children
Sudden, brief involuntary muscle jerks.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Myopathy
Adults · Children
Disease of the muscles causing weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Myotonic Dystrophy
Adults · Children
Inherited disease with muscle weakness and delayed muscle relaxation.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
N
Narcolepsy
Adults · Children
Chronic sleep disorder with excessive daytime sleepiness.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Neck Pain with Radiculopathy
Adults
Pinched nerve root in the neck causing arm pain or numbness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Neonatal Seizures
Children
Seizures in the first weeks of life.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Neuralgia
Adults · Children
Sharp, shooting nerve pain.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Neurocysticercosis
Adults · Children
Brain infection by pork tapeworm larvae; a common cause of seizures worldwide.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Neurofibromatosis
Children
Genetic conditions causing tumors to grow on nerves.
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Adults · Children
Autoimmune disease attacking the optic nerves and spinal cord.
Neuropathy
Adults · Children
Damage to peripheral nerves causing numbness, tingling or pain.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Night Terrors & Parasomnias
Adults · Children
Unusual behaviors during sleep, sometimes evaluated with EEG.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Nonepileptic Events (Psychogenic)
Adults · Children
Seizure-like episodes without epileptic brain activity, diagnosed with video EEG.
Related tests: Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Numbness & Tingling
Adults · Children
Abnormal sensations that may signal nerve problems.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
O
Occipital Neuralgia
Adults · Children
Shooting pain at the back of the head from irritated occipital nerves.
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
Children
Rare disorder with rapid eye movements and jerks, often in young children.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Optic Neuritis
Adults · Children
Inflammation of the optic nerve causing painful vision loss.
Orthostatic Hypotension (neurogenic)
Adults
Drop in blood pressure on standing due to nerve dysfunction.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS), Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
P
Paresthesia
Adults · Children
Pins-and-needles, tingling or prickling sensations.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Parkinson’s Disease
Adults
Progressive movement disorder with tremor, slowness and stiffness.
Periodic Paralysis
Adults · Children
Inherited episodes of muscle weakness linked to potassium changes.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Peripheral Neuropathy
Adults · Children
Nerve damage outside the brain and spinal cord.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Peroneal Neuropathy
Adults
Compression of the nerve below the knee causing foot drop.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD)
Adults
Chronic dizziness worsened by standing, motion or busy visual environments.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Pinched Nerve
Adults
Pressure on a nerve causing pain, numbness or weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Plagiocephaly (Flat Head)
Children
Flattened area of an infant’s head, usually positional.
Polymyositis
Adults
Inflammatory muscle disease causing weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Post-Concussion Syndrome
Adults · Children
Lingering symptoms weeks to months after a concussion.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
Adults
Persistent nerve pain after shingles.
Post-Polio Syndrome
Adults
New weakness and fatigue years after polio.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Post-Stroke Care
Adults
Ongoing neurological care and prevention after stroke.
Related tests: Transcranial Doppler (TCD), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
Adults · Children
Excessive heart-rate rise on standing with dizziness and fatigue.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Primary Progressive Aphasia
Adults
Gradual loss of language abilities due to neurodegeneration.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Adults
Rare disorder affecting balance, eye movements and thinking.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Pseudotumor Cerebri
Adults · Children
Another name for idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Q
Quadriplegia (neurological care)
Adults · Children
Neurological care for weakness or paralysis of all four limbs.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
R
Radiculopathy
Adults
Compression or irritation of a spinal nerve root.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Adults
Shingles affecting the facial nerve, causing facial weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS), Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Rasmussen Encephalitis
Children
Rare chronic inflammation of one brain hemisphere causing seizures.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Adults
Acting out dreams during sleep; can precede some movement disorders.
Restless Legs Syndrome
Adults
Uncomfortable urge to move the legs, often at night.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Rett Syndrome
Children
Genetic disorder, mainly in girls, with loss of skills after early development.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
Adults
Sudden severe ‘thunderclap’ headaches from narrowing brain arteries; urgent care needed.
Related tests: Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
S
Sarcoidosis (Neurosarcoidosis)
Adults
Inflammatory disease affecting the nervous system.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Sciatica
Adults
Pain radiating along the sciatic nerve down the leg.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Seizures
Adults · Children
Sudden bursts of abnormal electrical brain activity.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Small Fiber Neuropathy
Adults
Damage to small nerve fibers causing burning pain.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Spasticity
Adults · Children
Muscle stiffness and tightness after brain or spinal injury.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Speech & Language Delay (neurological evaluation)
Children
Delayed speech evaluated for neurological contributors.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Spina Bifida
Children
Birth defect in which the spine does not close completely.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Spinal Cord Injury (neurological care)
Adults · Children
Neurological care after injury to the spinal cord.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
Children
Genetic disease of motor nerve cells causing muscle weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Spinal Stenosis (nerve symptoms)
Adults
Narrowing of the spinal canal that can compress nerves.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Adults
Group of inherited progressive ataxias.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Status Epilepticus (follow-up)
Adults · Children
Follow-up after a prolonged seizure; call 911 during one.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Stiff Person Syndrome
Adults
Rare autoimmune disorder with muscle stiffness and spasms.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Stroke (follow-up & prevention)
Adults
Care after a stroke and evaluation of stroke risk. For new symptoms, call 911.
Related tests: Transcranial Doppler (TCD), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Children
Rare disorder with a facial birthmark, brain vessel changes and seizures.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Sydenham Chorea
Children
Childhood chorea following streptococcal infection.
Syringomyelia
Adults · Children
Fluid-filled cavity in the spinal cord.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
T
Tardive Dyskinesia
Adults
Involuntary movements related to certain medications.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Adults
Compression of the tibial nerve at the ankle.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Adults · Children
Epilepsy starting in the temporal lobe, often with déjà vu or staring.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
Tension-Type Headache
Adults · Children
Common band-like, pressing headache.
Tethered Spinal Cord
Children
Spinal cord abnormally attached, causing nerve symptoms as a child grows.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Adults
Compression of nerves or vessels between the neck and shoulder.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Thunderclap Headache
Adults · Children
Sudden, severe headache peaking within a minute — call 911.
Related tests: Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
Tic Disorders, Provisional
Children
Tics present for less than a year, common in children.
Toe Walking (neurological evaluation)
Children
Persistent walking on toes in children, sometimes with neurological causes.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Tourette Syndrome & Tic Disorders
Adults · Children
Repetitive involuntary movements or sounds, usually starting in childhood.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Transient Global Amnesia
Adults
Sudden, temporary episode of memory loss.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Transverse Myelitis, Pediatric
Children
Spinal cord inflammation in children causing weakness or numbness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Traumatic Brain Injury
Adults · Children
Brain injury caused by external force, from mild to severe.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Tremor
Adults · Children
Involuntary rhythmic shaking of a body part.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Adults
Brief, severe electric-like facial pain.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Children
Genetic disorder causing benign growths in the brain and other organs, often with seizures.
Related tests: Electroencephalogram (EEG), Video Electroencephalogram (VEEG)
U
Ulnar Neuropathy
Adults
Damage to the ulnar nerve causing hand numbness or weakness.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
V
Vagus Nerve Disorders
Adults
Dysfunction of the vagus nerve affecting voice, swallowing or heart rate.
Vascular Dementia
Adults
Thinking decline caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
Vasculitis of the Nervous System
Adults
Inflammation of blood vessels supplying nerves or brain.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS), Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
Vertigo
Adults · Children
False sensation of spinning, from the inner ear or brain.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Vestibular Disorders
Adults · Children
Conditions of the inner-ear balance system.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Vestibular Migraine
Adults · Children
Migraine causing episodes of vertigo, with or without headache.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Vestibular Neuritis
Adults
Inflammation of the balance nerve causing sudden prolonged vertigo.
Related tests: Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Neuropathy
Adults
Nerve damage due to low vitamin B12.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
W
Weakness (Muscle)
Adults · Children
Reduced muscle strength with nerve or muscle causes.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
Wernicke Encephalopathy
Adults
Thiamine deficiency causing confusion, eye and balance problems; urgent.
Related tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
Whiplash (neurological symptoms)
Adults
Neck injury that can cause headache, dizziness or nerve symptoms.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS), Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT)
Wilson Disease
Adults · Children
Inherited copper buildup that can affect the brain and liver.
Writer’s Cramp
Adults
Focal dystonia of the hand during writing.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)
X
X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Children
Inherited disorder affecting white matter and adrenal glands, mainly in boys.
Related tests: Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies (EMG/NCS)